Decisions of the Galveston Campaigns: The Twenty-One Critical Decisions That Defined the Operations

"The Galveston Campaign was a series of naval and overland battles that pitted Confederate general John B. Magruder and Texas Marine commander Leon Smith against the armies of Isaac S. Burrell and naval forces under the command of William B. Renshaw. A Federal fleet of six ships assaulted the city on October 4, 1862, and the city surrendered after a four-day truce was agreed upon. However, by New Year's Day of 1863, Confederate artillery reinforcements had arrived, and Magruder coordinated a bold new attack and naval ruse with two Confederate gunboats to retake Galveston. The city would remain in the South's hands until the end of the war and was one of the few open Confederate ports"